Cancer Myths in India

    cancer myths & facts

    “Uncovering the truth behind India’s cancer myths: Let’s fight misinformation together!“

    Cancer is a significant health concern in India, with an estimated 1.5 million new cases reported each year.

    Unfortunately, many myths and misconceptions about cancer in India can lead to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and even death.

    This article will explore some of India’s most common cancer myths and explain why they are false. We will also discuss the importance of seeking accurate information and medical advice when it comes to cancer.

    What is Cancer?

    Cancer is a disease that develops when abnormal cells in the body grow faster than regular cells in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy normal body tissue. Most commonly it affects the skin, lungs, and digestive system. 

    It can affect people of all ages and can be caused by various environmental and genetic factors.

    Types of Cancer

    The most common types of cancer are skin cancer, cancer of breast, lung cancer, rectum, leukemia, colon cancer, and brain cancer. Cancer can also occur in the ovaries, prostate, and stomach.

    Cancer can be divided into six types based on the type of cells that are abnormal:

    1.  Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. It is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the breast.

    2.  Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. It is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the prostate.

    3.  Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in smokers. It is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the lungs.

    4.  Colorectal cancer is the second most common type of cancer. It is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the colon or rectum.

    5.  Cervical cancer is women’s third most common type of cancer. It is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the cervix.

    6.  Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It is caused by the abnormal growth of cells that can turn into cancer.

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    Symptoms of Cancer

    Symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer and can include pain, fatigue, weight loss, and changes in appearance.

    The most common symptoms of cancer are:

    • changes in the function of the digestive system: Nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea, Constipation Weight loss, Anemia,
    • changes in the appearance of the skin
    • changes in the appearance of the hair: the color of the hair, the thickness or texture of the hair, the number of hair follicles
    • changes in the function of the reproductive system: amount or type of menstrual bleeding, change in the size or shape of the ovaries or testes, change in the number of menstrual cycles, etc.
    • changes in the function of the nervous system

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    Causes of Cancer

    Cancer is a natural disease that can happen to anyone. It can be caused by many different factors as the causes of cancer vary from person to person.

    However, some theories that may be associated with cancer include:

    Available Treatments 

    The treatment of cancer is vary depending on the type and stage of cancer. In general, the following treatments are typically used:

    Surgery to remove the cancerous tissue

    Chemotherapy, which uses drugs to kill cancer cells

    Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells targeted therapy, which uses drugs and/or radiation to kill specific types of cancer cells

    Hyperthermia, or high heat treatment, can be used to shrink or kill cancer cells

    Immunotherapy, which uses the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer

    Alternative and complementary therapies, such as meditation, yoga, and diet, may also be used in conjunction with conventional treatment.

    Cancer Myths In India

     In India, cancer is often seen as a death sentence, and those who are diagnosed with the disease are often ostracized by their communities. This stigma can lead to feelings of shame and isolation, making it difficult for those affected to seek the treatment they need.

    The stigma surrounding cancer in India is rooted in a lack of understanding about the disease. Many people believe that cancer is contagious, or is caused by bad karma. This lack of understanding can lead to fear and discrimination.

    Another popular Cancer Myth is that people with cancer are likely to experience a difficult and long-term disease process, which may eventually lead to death.

    Education is key to reducing the stigma, as it can help people understand the facts about cancer and how it can be treated.

    Creating a supportive environment for those affected by cancer is also important. This can include providing emotional support, as well as access to resources such as financial assistance and medical care.

    Most Common Cancer Myths/Misconceptions In India

    Some of the most common Cancer Myths in India include:

    1. Cancer is a result of bad karma.

    2. Cancer is caused by mistreatment or bad luck.

    3. Cancer can be prevented by following a healthy lifestyle.

    4. Cancer can be cured by traditional Indian medicine.

    5. Cancer is a death sentence and there is no cure.

    6. Cancer is a result of unhealthy eating habits.

    7. Cancer is caused by the environment or workplace.

    8. Cancer is a result of genetics.

    9. Cancer is a result of stress.

    10. Cancer is a result of not respecting the body.

    11. Cutting nails or hair when a person has cancer

    12. Pouring water over a person with cancer

    13. Washing clothes of a person with cancer

    14. Touching the patient with wet hands

    15. Feeding a person with cancer

    16. Giving medicine to a person with cancer

    17. Going near a person with cancer

    18. Wishing a person with cancer

    19. Doing puja for a person with cancer

    20. Wearing a red dress for a person with cancer

    Misconceptions Surrounding Cancer Screening in India

    In India, the number of cancer cases is on the rise, and it is estimated that by 2023, the number of cancer cases in India will double.

    Despite this, many people in India are still unaware of the importance of cancer screening.

    Cancer screening is a process of detecting cancer in its early stages when it is most treatable.

    Early detection of cancer can save lives, and people need to understand the importance of cancer screening.

    Unfortunately, there are many misconceptions surrounding cancer screening in India.

    Some common cancer misconceptions are that cancer is caused by bad luck, that it can be cured by natural remedies, or that it can be prevented by healthy lifestyle habits. None of these myths are true.

    Let us discuss some of the Cancer Myths and facts on them are:

    Eating spicy food or hot food causes Cancer – Myth Cancer is not caused by eating too much spicy food. It is caused by genetic mutations and environmental factors, not by diet. however, eating spicy food can irritate the stomach and lead to stomach ulcers- Fact
    Eating sugar increases the risk of getting Cancer – Myth There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that eating sugar increases the risk of cancer. Fact
    Antiperspirants and deodorants cause Cancer: Myth There is no scientific evidence to show a link between antiperspirants and deodorants and cancer. Fact
    Regular use of a mobile phone increases the risk of Cancer Myth There is no evidence that mobile phone radiation is linked to any type of Cancer. Fact
    Drinking alcohol increases the risk of Cancer.  There is a strong link between alcohol consumption and cancer risk. Alcohol is a known carcinogen; the more alcohol you drink, the greater your cancer risk. Fact
    Exposure to hair dye causes Cancer: Myth There is no scientific evidence to suggest that dying your hair increases the risk of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified hair dyes as “possibly carcinogenic to humans” based on limited evidence from animal studies. However, it is important to note that the IARC’s classification does not mean that hair dyes cause cancer in humans. Fact
    Drinking cold water after meals causes Cancer: Myth Drinking cold water after meals does not cause Cancer. Fact
    Traditional Chinese medicine can cure Cancer. Myth There is no scientific evidence to support the use of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancer. Some studies have shown that it may even be harmful. Fact
    Cancer is a death sentence and there is no cure for Cancer. Myth Cancer is a serious disease, but it is important to remember that it is not always fatal. With early detection and treatment, many people with cancer can lead long and healthy lives.  Fact  
    There are many cancer stories of famous personalities to prove this fact

    Debunking the Myth of Cancer Being an Unavoidable Fate in India

    Cancer is a dreaded disease that has been plaguing India for decades. It is often seen as an unavoidable fate, but this is a myth that needs to be debunked.

    While it is true that cancer is a serious illness, it is not an unavoidable fate.

    The truth is that many steps can be taken to reduce the risk of developing cancer. These include making healthy lifestyle choices, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

    Additionally, getting regular check-ups and screenings can help to detect cancer early, when it is most treatable.

    Be aware of the environmental factors that can increase the risk of cancer. Air pollution, for example, is a major contributor to cancer in India. Taking steps to reduce air pollution, such as using public transportation and avoiding the burning of fossil fuels, can help to reduce the risk of cancer.

    Finally, it is important to remember that cancer is not an inevitable fate. With the right lifestyle choices and environmental awareness, it is possible to reduce the risk of developing cancer.

    This is an inspiring message that should be shared with everyone in India. By taking the right steps, we can all work together to reduce the burden of cancer in our country.

    Conclusion

    The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reports that the incidence of cancer in India has been increasing exponentially.

    Cancer is a real and serious disease that affects millions of people around the world. Its incidence rates can vary from country to country and it is important to be proactive about your health and protect yourself from it.

    Many scientists have found that cancer is a mere one-time event after another and that there is no risk of cancer growth or cancerthstone management without the help of a professional oncologist.

    There are many different types of cancer, and each one has its specific dangers and treatment. So, regardless of what you believe about cancer, it is important to research your options and make the decision to get treatment for your cancer.

    Early detection of cancer can save lives, and everyone needs to get screened. With the right information and awareness, we can make a difference in the fight against cancer.

    In a nutshell

    Dear Cancer-free Friends and Family,

    Please keep in mind to Be aware of myths. Cancer is a serious health problem that can cause long-term effects on the user’s body and can be deadly but cured.

    To avoid cancer, it is important to live a healthy lifestyle, exercise regularly, and avoid exposure to known cancer-causing agents.

    Finally, it is important to recognize that cancer is not a death sentence. With the right treatment and support, those affected by cancer can live long and fulfilling lives.

    “Do not let cancer take hold and control your life.”

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    Pooja Dudeja

    Pooja Dudeja

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    Reviewed By : Dr. Aviral Vatsa

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Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs): TAMs are a subset of macrophages that are recruited to the tumor site and are educated by the tumor microenvironment to adopt a pro-tumor phenotype. These cells can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis while suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Histotripsy’s ability to target and modulate TAMs is of significant interest. By disrupting the tumor microenvironment, histotripsy can potentially reprogram TAMs from a pro-tumor M2 phenotype to an anti-tumor M1 phenotype, thereby reversing their tumor-promoting effects. b. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs): MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells that expand during cancer, inflammation, and infection. In the context of cancer, MDSCs play a crucial role in suppressing T cell responses and promoting tumor growth. Preliminary studies suggest that histotripsy may reduce the number and suppressive function of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. c. Regulatory T cells (Tregs): Tregs are a subset of CD4+ T cells that play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive immune responses. However, in the tumor microenvironment, Tregs can inhibit anti-tumor immune responses, thereby facilitating tumor growth. The impact of histotripsy on Tregs is an area of active research. By disrupting the tumor microenvironment and releasing tumor antigens, histotripsy may modulate the function and recruitment of Tregs, potentially enhancing anti-tumor immunity. d. The Interplay with Other Immune Cells: Apart from the aforementioned pro-tumor immune cells, the tumor microenvironment also contains other immune cells like dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B cells. 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Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are a group of intracellular molecules that have garnered significant attention in the realm of immunology and cellular biology. These molecules, under normal circumstances, reside within the confines of the cell and perform essential functions. However, when cells undergo stress, trauma, or damage, DAMPs are released into the extracellular environment, where they assume a new and critical role. One of the primary functions of DAMPs upon their release is to signal the immune system of potential threats. They act as distress signals, alerting the body to the presence of damaged or dying cells. This is particularly evident in procedures like histotripsy, a non-invasive technique that mechanically disrupts tissue structures. During histotripsy, the cellular damage leads to the liberation of various DAMPs, each with its unique role in the ensuing immune response. For instance, Calreticulin (CRT) is not just a mere bystander in this process. When released, CRT moves to the cell surface, where it aids in antigen presentation. This action effectively marks the damaged cells for elimination, kickstarting an adaptive immune response tailored to address the specific threat.  High Mobility Group  is another pivotal DAMP. As a nuclear protein, its primary role within the cell is to stabilize DNA structures. However, once outside, HMGB1 becomes a potent pro-inflammatory agent. It binds to receptors on immune cells, amplifying the inflammatory response, which is crucial in situations where rapid immune action is needed. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), commonly recognized as the primary energy currency of the cell, also plays a role in this immune signaling process. When found outside the cell, ATP acts as a danger signal. Immune cells, recognizing the abnormal presence of extracellular ATP, are prompted to migrate to the site of injury, further intensifying the immune response. 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    Histotripsy: A Revolution in Precise Tissue Ablation

    Histotripsy has emerged as a beacon of innovation in the ever-evolving landscape of medical technology. It  promises a future where precise tissue ablation can be achieved without the invasiveness of traditional surgical methods. But what makes histotripsy stand out? The answer lies in its unique mechanism of action, which harnesses the power of ultrasound to mechanically disrupt tissue structures. This article delves deep into the mechanism of histotripsy and how it paves the way for precise tissue ablation, especially in the realm of cancer treatment. What is Histotripsy? Histotripsy, a groundbreaking medical technique, is rapidly gaining traction in the healthcare sector due to its potential to revolutionise tissue ablation procedures. The term “histotripsy” is derived from the Greek words “histo,” meaning tissue, and “tripsy,” meaning to break. Histotripsy is a non-invasive approach to tissue disruption, and its unique mechanism of action  sets it apart from any other innovations. . The concept of histotripsy was first introduced at the University of Michigan in 2004. Since its inception, the technique has undergone significant advancements, with researchers continually exploring its potential applications and refining its methodology. The term itself encapsulates the essence of the procedure: a method to break down soft tissue. How does Histotripsy work? The Fundamental Mechanism: Cavitation  Cavitation, a phenomenon central to histotripsy, refers to the formation, growth, and subsequent collapse of gas or vapour-filled bubbles within a liquid medium when subjected to rapid pressure changes. In the context of histotripsy, the human body’s tissue serves as this liquid medium, and high-intensity, short-duration ultrasound pulses induce the rapid pressure changes. When tissues are exposed to these potent ultrasound pulses, the alternating high and low pressures lead to the creation of minuscule bubbles or cavities. These bubbles might initially form around pre-existing gas pockets or microscopic impurities within the tissue. As the ultrasound pulses persist, these bubbles expand due to the negative pressure phases of the ultrasound wave. Bubble Dynamics: The Heart of Tissue Disruption  The true essence of histotripsy is realised during the bubble collapse phase. Following the negative phase, the positive pressure phase of the ultrasound wave causes the expanded bubbles to undergo a swift and violent implosion. This rapid collapse generates potent local shock waves and produces high-velocity liquid jets. These intense mechanical forces, stemming from both the shock waves and the jets, act upon the surrounding tissue. The outcome is a mechanical breakdown of the tissue at a cellular level, resulting in the tissue being fractionated into a liquefied form. This liquid consists of a homogenised blend of cell debris and the extracellular matrix. How does Histotripsy achieve precision in action? In the realm of medical interventions, precision is paramount. The ability to target specific tissues or cells without affecting the surrounding structures can be the difference between successful treatment and unintended complications. Histotripsy, with its groundbreaking approach to tissue ablation, exemplifies this principle of precision in action. Let’s delve deeper into how histotripsy achieves such unparalleled accuracy. Histotripsy employs high-intensity ultrasound pulses to induce cavitation within the targeted tissue. The beauty of this technique lies in the ability to focus these ultrasound beams to a specific point, known as the focal zone. Within this focal zone, the energy of the ultrasound waves is concentrated, ensuring that the cavitation-induced tissue disruption occurs primarily within this localised area. This means that only the tissue within the focal zone is affected, while the surrounding structures remain untouched. One of the standout features that bolster histotripsy’s precision is the integration of real-time imaging. As the ultrasound waves are administered, they not only induce cavitation but also provide a live visual feed of the treatment area. This dual capability allows clinicians to monitor the formation and collapse of bubbles in real-time. Such immediate feedback ensures that the treatment is progressing as intended and allows for on-the-fly adjustments. If, for instance, the bubbles are not forming in the desired location or pattern, the clinician can instantly modify the parameters to achieve the desired effect. The precision of histotripsy can be likened to the accuracy of a surgeon’s scalpel, but without the invasiveness of a blade. The controlled generation and collapse of microbubbles ensure that only the targeted cells or tissues are disrupted. This selectivity is especially crucial when treating tumours or lesions located close to vital organs or critical structures. For example, when targeting a tumour adjacent to a major blood vessel, the precision of histotripsy ensures that the vessel remains unharmed, reducing the risk of bleeding or other complications. In many medical treatments, especially those involving radiation or surgery, there’s always a concern about collateral damage to healthy tissues. Histotripsy’s precision minimises this risk. By confining the tissue disruption to the focal zone, histotripsy ensures that the surrounding healthy tissues are spared. This not only enhances the safety profile of the treatment but also promotes faster healing and recovery. What sets Histotripsy apart from other cancer treatments? Histotripsy’s distinctive non-thermal approach to tissue ablation offers a fresh perspective in the realm of medical interventions. While many therapeutic ultrasound techniques, such as High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), rely on generating heat to achieve therapeutic effects, histotripsy stands apart. Traditional methods work by raising the temperature of the targeted tissue to a point where cellular proteins denature, leading to cell death. Although effective, this thermal approach has inherent risks. Elevated temperatures can inadvertently damage surrounding healthy tissues, especially if the heat spreads beyond the targeted area. Moreover, tissues sensitive to heat, like neural tissues, can be at risk of unintended damage. In contrast, histotripsy operates on a fundamentally different principle. Instead of using heat, it employs mechanical forces to achieve tissue disruption. This is achieved through the controlled generation and violent collapse of microbubbles within the tissue, a process known as cavitation. The implosive collapse of these bubbles generates intense local shock waves and produces high-speed liquid jets. These forces act on the tissue, leading to mechanical breakdown at the cellular level without the need for heat. The non-thermal nature of histotripsy offers